Objective To compare the effect of small fenestra stapedotomy and total stapedectomy in patients with otosclerosis.

目的比较足板小孔开窗与镫骨全切除术治疗耳硬化的疗效。

Different pathomechanisms, for example, immune-mediated inflammation, oxidative stress and excitotoxicity, are involved in the immunopathology of MS.

多发性硬化的免疫学的不机制包括免疫介导炎、氧化应激、兴奋毒等。

There are two other forms of arteriosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) in addition to atherosclerosis: arteriolosclerosis and medial calcific sclerosis.

除样硬化之外,还有其它两种形式的硬化（变硬）∶细硬化和中层钙化。