Objective To compare the effect of small fenestra stapedotomy and total stapedectomy in patients with otosclerosis.

目的比较足板小孔开窗与切除术治疗耳硬的疗效。

Different pathomechanisms, for example, immune-mediated inflammation, oxidative stress and excitotoxicity, are involved in the immunopathology of MS.

多发性硬的免疫病理学的不同病理机制包括免疫介导炎、氧应激、兴奋毒等。

There are two other forms of arteriosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) in addition to atherosclerosis: arteriolosclerosis and medial calcific sclerosis.

除动脉粥样硬之外,还有其它两种形式的动脉硬（动脉变硬）∶细动脉硬动脉中层钙。