Here, free electrons rub off the con ductor and create a charge imbalance that causes the current flow.

这时，摩擦引起自由子脱离导体，产不平衡，从而产流。

Frequency-resolved measurement of the emission from a Eaman free electron laser under superradiation condition by a microwave grating spectrometer are presented.

本文报道了利用微波栅摄谱仪测量超辐射工作条件下喇曼自由子激光器辐射谱初步结。

The gain characteristics of the collective free electron laser operating in a superradiant amplifier have been studied through the variation of the interaction length and pumping magnetic field.

工作超辐射模式下集体区自由子激光器增益特性研究可以通过改变互作用区长度及泵浦强度来进行。

In the presence of impurities or in a nonstoichiometric solid, free electrons or electron holes are produced as a result of “charge compensation” to neutralize the effect of charged ionic defects 。

杂质情况下，或非化学计量比固体中，为了中和带离子缺陷所引起不平衡，便会产自由子或子空穴。